Math

C++ provides a variety of mathematical functions and operators that can be used to perform calculations. Here are some examples:

Basic arithmetic operators

C++ supports the basic arithmetic operators + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), and / (division). For example:

int x = 5;
int y = 3;
int sum = x + y;
int product = x * y;
int quotient = x / y;

In this code, the variables x and y are used with the arithmetic operators to perform addition, multiplication, and division, and the results are stored in the variables sum, product, and quotient.

The modulus operator

The modulus operator % returns the remainder of a division operation. For example:

int x = 5;
int y = 3;
int remainder = x % y;

In this code, the modulus operator is used to calculate the remainder when x is divided by y, and the result is stored in the variable remainder.

Math functions

C++ provides a variety of built-in math functions, including sqrt() (square root), pow() (raise to a power), abs() (absolute value), sin() (sine), cos() (cosine), tan() (tangent), and many others. For example:

#include <cmath>

double x = 2.0;
double y = sqrt(x);
double z = pow(x, 3);

In this code, the sqrt() and pow() functions from the cmath library are used to calculate the square root of x and raise x to the power of 3, respectively, and the results are stored in the variables y and z.

Increment and decrement operators

C++ provides the increment operator ++ and decrement operator –, which can be used to add or subtract 1 from a variable, respectively. For example:

int x = 5;
x++;
int y = 3;
y--;

In this code, the variables x and y are incremented and decremented, respectively.

These are just a few examples of the mathematical functions and operators available in C++. There are many more that can be used to perform complex calculations and manipulate data.